Perspectives of Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx Essay -- Sociology Compar

Perspectives of Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were full of evolving sociable and economic ideas. These views of the social structure of urban parliamentary law came about through the development of ideas taken from the early(prenominal) revolutions. As the Industrial Revolution progressed through out the world, so did the gap between the class structures. The development of a capitalist friendship was a very(prenominal) favorable goal for the upper class. By using advanced methods of production introduced by the Industrial Revolution, they were able to earn a substantial surplus by ruling the middle class. Thus, maintaining their present class of life, while the middle class was exploited and degraded. At this time in history, social theorists analogous Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx challenged the aspect of social structure in their works. Emile Durkheim is kn take as a functionalist states that everything serves a function in society and h is main concern to discover what that function was. On the early(a) hand Karl Marx, a conflict theorist, stresses that society is a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social change. Both Durkheim and Marx were concerned with the characteristics of groups and structures quite than with individuals. The functionalist perspective in society is a view of society that focuses on the way various parts of society retain functions, or possible effects that maintain the stability of the whole. Durkheim developed the idea of society as an integrated system of interrelated parts. He wanted to establish how the various parts of society contribute to the maintenance of the whole. He also focused on how various elements of social structure function to maintain social order and equilibrium. Durkheim stressed that last is the product of a community and non of single individuals. He argued that the ultimate reality of human life is sociological and not psycho logical. The sociological reality, which Durkheim called the collective conscience, exists beyond the individual and individual actions. Durkheim characterizes collective conscience as a totality of beliefs and sentiments common to average citizens of the same society forms a determinate system which has its own life (Ritzer, 82). In Durkheims opinion a whole is not identical to the sum of its parts, thus society is not just a stainless sum of individu... ...sbands property (Ritzer, 63). Marx says that this corresponds precisely the definition of unequal division of labor in the modern society. Where an employer degraded a worker until the worker becomes the hush-hush property of the industry and therefore no different than a slave. Just as a slave is not free to decide whether or not to work on a given day, neither is the worker. Both must work in order to survive. Ultimately, many social thinkers in the history of sociology have challenged the topic of social structure in their works. Social thinkers like Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx have spent their entire lives formulating theories that would explain the status of individuals in societies. From a functionalist perspective sociologist like Emile Durkheim looks at society as a system with various parts that contribute to the maintenance of the whole. On the other hand Karl Marx, a conflict theorist, stresses that society is a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social change. Both theorists looked at a social system as a set of mutually supporting elements, unlike for Mark, it was hard for Durkheim to explain how change might occur in a society.

Stages of Nien Chengs Life :: essays research papers

Nien Cheng is the author of the autobiography, Life and Death in Shanghai. This book takes place in Shanghai, China, first around the first few days into the Cultural Revolution. Nien Cheng was a widow in her 50s working as a senior partner for Shell in Shanghai. In late 1966, Nien Cheng was arrested and her tolerate lay looted and vandalized. She was sent to the No.1 Detention House, where staying for six and one-half years, she was punished and pressured for a false confession that she was a recognize for the imperialists. She consistently to confess refused and as a progeny, was tortured many times. She had a daughter named mei Ping who, refusing to criticize about her mother, was murdered by the inflamed Guards. Nien Cheng was released in 1973 and was relocated to a house that had 2 bedrooms. (Which she had to live in with another family who spied on her) She stayed in China until 1980, and when she applied for a visa to the join States. She was accepted and she emigrated t o Canada and very soon, Washington D.C.When Nien Cheng was transferred to the No. 1 detention house, she went through a big change in her way of living. earlier going to the prison, she and her daughter, Mei Ping, had a lifestyle in which only a few dozen out of 10 million back in that time could enjoy. They had a three-story house filled with all sorts of antique furniture, books, and works of art. There was a piano, much entertainment, and three servants. In the prison, however, it was a single-celled room, very old and dirty. All that was in the room was a dirty toilet, a hard bed, a dusty window, and a tightly bolted door. Even with her efforts to clean the room, the room gave off an aura of notion and loneliness. The only companion she ever had during her six and one-half years was a pea-sized spider living on the rusty bars of the cell. As a result of these years, she became more conservative to what she uses, and even when she lived a good life in Washington D.C. many years later, she never bought more than what she would need or use.Before being sent to the No. 1 Detention House, Nien Cheng was a woman who didnt really care about the Cultural Revolution or people she didnt know.

Gillian Anderson :: essays research papers

Gillian Anderson has exceeded the point of recognition, and has become a role model for young and old alike. Her popularity has evolved everyplace the years due in part for her notorious role as Special Agent Dana Scully, on the once cult hit television serial publication The X-Files. With the show now entering its 7th season, presumed to be its last, the concern of the once apprehensive Gillian losing the role of Scully is no longer an aspect. The reputation of the character has brought the actress apperception, which has lead to her be featured on magazine covers, in books, on CDs, at conventions, in movies, and shes one of the most popular candidates for a website to be created about. Nonetheless, Gillian Anderson has gone from around unknown to known all over the world, and that itself is reason enough for her to be written, and read, for that matter, about. &9Gillian Leigh Anderson began her life in Cook County, Chicago on August 9, 1968. By the time she was only a mere 6 mo nths old, her and her family were residing in Puerto Rico. At the age of 1, she relocated once again, this time in capital of the United Kingdom, England. At this point, it is safe to ordinate that the Anderson family was somewhat nomadic. instanter being an inhabitant of England, the family moved several more times. At the age of 5, Gillian was living in Crouch End in conglutination London, where she attended her first school. By this time Gillian had spent most of her life in London but had picked up her parents American accent. Her classmates teased and taunted her, and she was bullied in the schoolyard. She immediately learned how to fight back, and she practiced her north London accent until it became impeccable enough to call her own. By the time Gillian was 11, with a settled home life, a good deal of friends, and the memories of once being an outsider well behind her, her parents decided to move back to the United States. Gillian and her family relocated for the last ti me, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. &9Now back in the states, Gillians accent once again alienated her from the other children, but this time it was for obtaining a British, not American, accent. She had left the exciting London behind and by contrast Grand Rapids hardly measured up. Grand Rapids is a sleepy prairie town, and the kids were totally out of it as far as she was concerned.

Essay --

ThatwasmyIntermediateclassroomandthephysicssessiononElectricalpotentialwasgoingon,whenwewereshownthephotothatdepictstheeffectsofEquipotentialpointsofelectricity.THESEQUOIAthemePARKSLIGHTENINGINCIDENT.Asteenagers,wefoundthewomanshairrisingphotohumorous.Allthegigglingstopped oncewhenwewereshownwhatfollowednext.Thehorrific possibilityoflightninghaskilledpeopleandtheseincidentsstillkeephappeningnowatthesameplaceinthesameway.Whenmypeepswereall having the shocked faces worn on, I for once acted like a science geek Thinking ofpossibilitiesfor every cause and effect.The virtual lightning boltstuckme immediately andIstartedthinking,ifthisisaregularphenomenon,why bathtweusethelightningstrikestopowerupthesurroundingplaces?Andwhatifwecansynthesizethemartificially?Andmyobsessionwiththiseffectstartedthenandiscontinuedtillthisdate.While suppurationup,this obsession of mine took a matured form and is acting as a driving force to pursue mygraduationinElectronics.I take over always had an open mind and enjoyed learning. Fortunately, I grew up in anenvironment which stimulated this sense of constant discovery. My parents and teachersencouragedmyinquisitivenatureandhelpedmefindmyfeet.Myfather,whoisthe dorsumofmyeducation,hashelpedmeimprovemyEnglishlanguagebyjoiningmeintheCommunicationskills andPersonality development course atOsmania universitysCentreforEnglishLanguage preparation institute. This program has improved my Englishspeaking ability and developed myPeople... ...your universitywillsupport and bolsterthe novelideasIintendtoimplementinmy arena ofinterest.Ifind the spurt being carried out by Prof.JanBialasiewiczon Communication andSignalProcessingavisionaryextensiontotheprojectworkIhaddoneduringmyundergraduatecareer.TheParallelDistributedSystemsResearchLaboratoryandRadioFrequencyCenterprovideanexcellentenvironmentforresearch.ProfYimingJerryDengs currentprojectsinModelingandDetectionofCyberExploitsinCommunicationNetworkshavemotivatedmetoapply to your university. Prof. H amid Fardi having published several papers on MagneticSensors(AMR)canbeanableguideformyresearchactivity.AdvancedcoursesofferedsuchasComputerCommunicationNetworksandRandomProcessesforEngineerswoulddeepenmyunderstandingofthesubject.

the stand :: essays research papers

King, Stephen. The Stand. New York New York, 1978tephen Edwin King was born on September 21, 1947 in Portland, Maine He was a force to the family because his mother was told that she would never have children. His parents, Donald and Nellie King, were having trouble in their marriage, and when Stephen King was alone 2, his father, a door to door salesman for a company, left the house to buy a pack of cigarettes, but never returned. Stephen King hasnt seen his father since.Stephen and his adopted older brother, David King, lived with their mother back and forth between Massachusetts and Maine. And his passion for writing came nearly in 1959 when he wrote articles in his brothers local newspaper titled Daves Rag. Copied on a mimeograph machine, and with a circulation of only 20 or so Stephen wrote articles. invigorate by the relative success, Stephen copied some of his short stories and sold them to local people for a whole thirty cents. Stephen actually sold some of his work at s chool until teachers stopped it. And thats how he started his carrier in writing.The setting of the story takes place in 1991 in America. A plague struck the U.S. only leaving a few thousand survivors. In the year 1991, a plague strikes America, leaving only a few thousand people existent who are immune to the epidemic. Of the survivors, those who serve G-d instinctively join in Boulder, Colorado, while those who worship the Dark Man are drawn to Las Vegas, Nevada. The two groups separately rebuild society, until one must destroy the other. Franni Goldsmith comes very close to killing herself. She thinks she can not deal with her parents deaths, being unwed and pregnant, and having the only other survivor in her hometown of Ogunquit, Main be her recently deceased best friends weird brother Harold Lauder. On their way, they meet up with six people from various states in the United States who joined them on their journey. Fran is disturbed by her dreams, as all of them are by their own. She dreams of an old lady named Abigail, in Colorado. This lady is kind and winsome and promises to protect them from the evil. In the dreams there is also a Dark Man. He is always there lurking, waiting to attack. Harold admits to himself that he is in love with Fran and goes crazy when he realizes how serious Fran has become with Stuart Redman, one of the newcomers to their traveling group.

the stand :: essays research papers

King, Stephen. The Stand. New York New York, 1978tephen Edwin King was born on September 21, 1947 in Portland, Maine He was a surprise to the family because his mother was told that she would never imbibe children. His parents, Donald and Nellie King, were having trouble in their marriage, and when Stephen King was only 2, his father, a door to door salesman for a company, left the house to buy a pack of cigarettes, but never returned. Stephen King hasnt seen his father since.Stephen and his adopted older brother, David King, lived with their mother back and forth between Massachusetts and Maine. And his passion for writing came about in 1959 when he wrote articles in his brothers local newspaper titled Daves Rag. Copied on a mimeograph machine, and with a circulation of only 20 or so Stephen wrote articles. Inspired by the relative success, Stephen copied somewhat of his short stories and sold them to local people for a whole thirty cents. Stephen actually sold some of his work a t school until teachers stopped it. And thats how he started his carrier in writing.The setting of the story takes place in 1991 in America. A plague struck the U.S. only leaving a a couple of(prenominal) thousand survivors. In the year 1991, a plague strikes America, leaving only a few thousand people alive who are immune to the epidemic. Of the survivors, those who process G-d instinctively join in Boulder, Colorado, while those who worship the Dark Man are drawn to Las Vegas, Nevada. The two groups separately rebuild society, until wholeness must eradicate the other. Franni Goldsmith comes very close to killing herself. She thinks she can not deal with her parents deaths, being unwed and pregnant, and having the only other survivor in her hometown of Ogunquit, Main be her recently deceased best friends weird brother Harold Lauder. On their way, they meet up with six people from various states in the United States who joined them on their journey. Fran is disturbed by her drea ms, as all of them are by their own. She dreams of an old lady named Abigail, in Colorado. This lady is kind and loving and promises to protect them from the evil. In the dreams there is also a Dark Man. He is always there lurking, waiting to attack. Harold admits to himself that he is in love with Fran and goes crazy when he realizes how serious Fran has become with Stuart Redman, one of the newcomers to their traveling group.

Donation Behavior

Group E Group E VU University 2011-2012 VU University 2011-2012 Donation Behaviour Noortje Vlek 2500825, Danny Kornman 2500148, Nicole Prince 2163470 Business research Methods IBA1. 04 14th of October 2010 Teacher Maria Aladjem Table of Contents 1. Introduction and problem statement3 2. Hypothesis Development4 2. 1 Personal amour to the cause and end to give4 2. 2 unspoilt stigmatise soulality of a non-profit organization and conception to present4 2. 3 Income in relation to the aim to wear uponate5 3. Method6 3. 1 Sample & Procedure6 3. 2 Measurement instruments6 3. Statistical analyses7 4. Results8 4. 1 Descriptive statistics8 4. 2 A individual(prenominal) tie beam to the cause has a plus moment on the intention to give. (hypothesis 1)9 4. 3 A good place in the flesh(predicate)ity of a non-profit organization has a positive return on the intention to donate. (hypothesis 2)9 4. 4 People with higher income ar much potential to donate than masses with lower incom e. (hypothesis 3)9 5. Conclusion and Discussion11 5. 1 Conclusions11 5. 2 Shortcomings and future(a) research11 5. 3 Theoretical implications12 5. 4 Practical implications12 References12 1. Introduction and problem statement nonprofit organization organizations ar providing m whatever critical services (e. g. culture activities, environmental issues, education, healthcare) since the 16th century (Venable, Rose, Bush & Gilbert, 2005). But in the last couple of decades Non-profit organizations are facing a dissever of difficulties. Government has decided to reduce costs and in that respectfore a material reduction in governmental funding of present programs has been made. (Venable, Rose, Bush & Gilbert, 2005) For instance, in England, government has decided to cut in charity funding. Non-profit sector in England ordain receive ? 10m less this year. Government regulations are not the only fuss non-profit organizations have to deal with. Due to the economic crisis, the donations of non-profit organizations are decreasing. Only 12% of the non-profit organizations in the United States of America expect to run above the break-even point this year. Non-profit organizations that guess they are able to cover their operating expenses is only 16 percent in both 2009 and 2010. People are saving rather than spending their money. The premier cost they cut is giving money to charity. This is why the economy is slowly recovering.But at the same time the number of volunteers is increasing. Number of non-profit organizations has shown an explicit growth. In 1940 there were only 12. 500 non-profit organizations, in the United States of America. Today there are over 1,500,000 non-profit organizations registered. This is an increase of 12,000 %. Which lead to much to a greater extent competition in the non-profit organizations sector. Therefore non-profit organizations are receiving less money. If we shopping center up all the above we come to following research question What are the factors that have an effect on the intention to donate? . Hypothesis Development 2. 1 Personal link to the cause and intention to donate To convince people to donate to a charity, it is authoritative for non-profit organizations to understand that people who have a link to the purpose of an organization are more than likely to help them realizing their goals. Previous studies have shown that when an psyche has a person-to-person link to the goal of a non-profit organization, he or she will probably be more likely to donate to this organization (Sargeant & Woodlife, 2007) E. g.If someone has respec panel been bring roundd of cancer, this person knows how it is feels how it is to go through such an experience and would be more likely to donate to an organization that does research on a cure for this disease, like the American Cancer Society (ACS). The person donating doesnt only do so because he/she has been told what good it would do for others, just now mainly bec ause this person has gone true the same experience as the one being donated to. The impact of this experience leads to a loyal donor. Therefore we expect that the more an individual is linked to the cause of an organization, the more likely this person is willing to donateH1 A personal link to the cause has a positive direct effect on the intention to donate. 2. 2 Good inciter personality of a non-profit organization and intention to donate Another factor that plays a role in donating is brand personality. As can be read in previous studies, non-profit organizations with a bad reputation discourage people from donating to these organizations (Knowles & Gomes, 2010). For instance Greenpeace has a really aggressive way of disapproving of certain companies or even certain government policies. They are often accused of being involved in prohibited acts.This puts this organization in a difficult spot. People who are thinking of becoming a donor will take this into account. That is why it is primary(prenominal) for a non-profit to have a good reputation. This can be achieved, for example, by providing a good service quality, keeping the donor informed what the organization is doing to reach their goal, but also how their money is being spent. For instance, if a manager of a large non-profit organization has an absurd high salary, people will lose their trust in the organization because they are not comfortable with the way their money is being spent.Therefore we assume it is necessary for an organization to be clear about their legation in order to create donor loyalty H2 A good brand personality of a non-profit organization has a positive direct effect on the intention to donate. 2. 3 Income in relation to the intention to donate People with a high level of income are more likely to donate to a non-profit organization, because these people are able to buy their necessity goods, take care of their family and are overall secure enough not have to anguish about an uncertain future (Knowles & Gomes, 2010).As mentioned in the introduction, a higher level of income is defined as an income that is above standard, which is 65. 000 dollar a year. People with an income to a lower place standard are not always able to buy their necessity goods and cant afford to donate. Lets take students for example. They are already having problems coming around with their income and are not certain about their future, which will not lead to donating. Therefore we can posit H3 People with higher income are more likely to donate than people with lower income. The hypothesis relationships are explained in figure 1. Figure 1 Conceptual ModelInfluences on donation Personal link to the cause Good brand personality figure to donate Income Personal link to the cause Good brand personality Intention to donate Income Socio-Demographic Difference 3. Method 3. 1 Sample & Procedure When it comes to analysing the intention to donate, we are confronted with large relevant cosmos. Since there arent many requirements to become a donor, it is possible for anyone to donate to a non-profit organization. By approaching our unit of analysis (18+) through an online questionnaire we would like to detect a better view on the intention to donate.This was done with the use of non-probability samples, where not all elements have the same chance of being included in a sample. In our case we chose for the convenience sampling, since our population is quite vague and hard to define. This way we could be unrestricted, and it is easy to perform. The disadvantages that mustiness be dealt with when it comes to holding a survey are that questions often remain multi-interpretable, the want depth because of limited preparedness, and the respondents are more likely to give a socially acceptable answer.Some ways to solve these problems are that every consumer must receive an e-mail invitation to participate in a survey. This gives the company a chance to make sure that th e same name and liaison information isnt already assigned to another e-mail address in the system. Also a minimum time for completing an online survey can be set. This cuts down on cheaters who fly through the survey just randomly answering questions. 3. 2 Measurement instruments An online questionnaire was created for respondents to participate in the survey using the following measurement instruments. single-handed variables Personal link to the cause was measured with four ways of being connected to the charity (i. e. , Someone I know has been effected by the issues dealt with by this charity, Someone I know might benefit from my support, My family has a strong link to this charity, This cause is not related to an important aspect of my life). A sum place was calculated by adding up the responses to the question whether respondents were offered these four options. Responses ranged from 1 (completely disagree) to 7 (completely agree).Good brand personality was measured by the qu ality of the brand name, with the availability of seven options (i. e. , Honest, loving, compassionate, Reputable, Committed, Reliable, Financially stable). A sum score was calculated by adding up responses to the question whether respondents were offered these Seven options. Responses on this two sum score ranged from 1(completely disagree) to 7 (completely agree). Incomer was measured by asking respondents whether they had an income that was lower(0) or higher(1) than $65. 000. Dependent variableIntention to donate was measured with three statements Unlikely-Likely, Improbable-probable, Uncertain-certain. Respondents could answer on a 7-point outstrip ranging from 1 (completely disagree) to 7 (completely agree). 3. 3 Statistical analyses With the purpose of testing the three hypotheses presented above, three analyses are performed. In order to test the first hypothesis (A personal link to the cause has a positive effect on the intention to do) a regression analysis will be calcul ated between the personal link to the cause and the intention to.The second hypothesis (A good brand personality of a non-profit organization has a positive effect on the intention to donate) is also tried via a regression analysis in which a higher good brand personality has an effect on the intention to donate. The leash hypothesis (People with higher income are more likely to donate than people with lower income) is tested by means of an independent samples t-test. For all analyses, test set (r in case of the regressions and t in case of the t-test) with a significance of p?. 05 are deemed significant. 4. Results 4. 1 Descriptive statisticsBefore we start testing our hypothesis, there is a need to review the data obtained by interviewing the unit of analyses in order to check whether there are any outliers or undefined values. We reviewed the tip range, percentages, means and standard deviation Results of this review are shown in table 1. Table 1 Variables, Ranges, per cent ums, Means and Standard Deviation Variable Range Percentage Mean, SD Personal link to the cause 1. 25 7. 00 - M= 4. 80 SD = 1. 03 Good brand personality 2. 14 6. 34 - M = 4. 60 SD = 0. 90 Income 0 1 0. (less than 65,000) = 47%1. (more than 65,000) = 53% - Intention to donate 1. 0 7. 00 - M= 4. 95 SD=0. 90 Seemingly, the data collected do not hold any outliers. Therefore the next step can be taken, which is to construe these descriptive analyses. As can be seen in the table above, in a widely distributed sense the respondents interpreted a personal link to the cause and a good brand personality quite high. The data shows that on reasonable the respondents offered both, personal link as a good brand personality a 5. The income division is almost 50-50, and in a general sense the respondents had an above average intention to donate. Now we move on to the hypothesis testing analyze.The overall fit of the pose The 5. 9% of the variance of the dependent variable is explained by th e model including the two independent variables. 4. 2 A personal link to the cause has a positive effect on the intention to donate. (Hypothesis 1) Hypothesis 1 was tested with a regression analysis. This way we can determine whether a (higher) personal link to the cause also leads also to the intention to donate. The raw SPSS output will be given in Appendix 1. As indicated by the analysis, the regression reveals a positive and insignificant effect between a personal link and the intention to donate (? -. 053 p0. 26). Therefore, we have to reject Hypothesis 1. 4. 3 A good brand personality of a non-profit organization has a positive effect on the intention to donate. (Hypothesis 2) Hypothesis 2 was also tested with a regression analysis. This way we can determine whether a good brand personality leads to an intention to donate. The raw SPSS output will be given in Appendix 1. As indicated by the analysis, the regression reveals a positive and significant effect between a personal l ink and the intention to donate (? =0. 26, p0. 001). Therefore, we Hypothesis 2 is supported. . 4 People with higher income are more likely to donate than people with lower income. (Hypothesis 3) Hypothesis 3 was tested with an independent samples t-test. The raw SPSS output is given in Appendix 1. As indicated by the t-test, people with a higher income (M=5. 11) are significantly more likely to donate than people with a lower income (M=4. 86). (p 0. 02). Therefore, Hypothesis 3 is supported. In table 2 a summary of this call fors hypotheses will be given as well as the results of all hypothesis-testing analyses. Table 2 compact of hypothesis and results Hypothesis ResultH1 A personal link to the cause has a positive effect on the intention to donate. Not supported H2 A good brand personality of a non-profit organization has a positive effect on the intention to donate. Supported H3 People with higher income are more likely to donate than people with lower income. Supported 5. Conclusion and Discussion 5. 1 Conclusions In this study we have discussed two different factors (a personal link to the cause and brand personality) that have an effect on the intention to donate between people with higher income and people with lower income.According to the results of our regression analysis, people who have a personal link to the cause of a non-profit organization are not more likely to donate then people who dont have a personal link to the non-profit organization. A possible explanation for this unexpected finding is that a personal link to the cause is an important factor for these organizations, but not sufficient for people to become more likely to donate. Previous studies have shown that there is a significant difference in the intention to donate and a personal link to the cause (Sargeant Woodliffe 2007).A possible explanation for this unexpected finding is that there were not a lot of people in our survey who had a personal link to the cause. As we expe cted from our hypothesis people are indeed more likely to donate to a non profit organization with a good brand personality than to an organization with a perverse brand personality. The expected difference in the intention to donate between people with a higher income and people with a lower income was put in in our analysis. According to our data, people are indeed more likely to donate when their income becomes higher.With this information we can conclude that people take their income into account when it comes to making a donation. 5. 2 Shortcomings and future research One of the shortcomings of our study lies in the fact that we might have had some multi-interpretable questions with the lack of depth because of limited preparedness. A second restriction is that our analysis might be influenced by some personal bias. It could be that people were influenced to give a social responsible answer. The third limitation is based on the fact that all our data was collected at one point at the time.If we would have found for example that people with a personal link to the cause were more likely to donate, we still could not conclude that this will always be the case therefore you have to collect data over a longer tip of time. If we sum up all shortcomings, future research on the intention to donate should focus on taking the survey separately, so that people could not influence each other and therefore not the outcome of the data. The data should be collected over a longer period of time to get a better insight if people with a higher income change their donation behavior. . 3 Theoretical implications What do we learn from this study? Was existing possibility confirmed or rejected? One theoretical assumption of this research is that a personal link to the cause and brand personality would lead to a higher intention to donate. This study shows however that this is not necessarily true according to the personal link to the cause of a nonprofit organization. Moreov er, this research has shown that a higher income would have a positive effect on the intention to donate, as we expected. 5. 4 Practical implicationsOne of the most important implications of the results we have found is that in practice non-profit organizations should not only focus on a certain group of potential donors, but also come in contact with them through information. This way the donor will feel like a part of the organization as a whole. By letting the donors know what their future plans, initiatives and successes are. These organizations should try to find active donors who will eventually become dedicated to their cause and will donate themselves. References Smith, N. 2011, August 2), Charities hit by funding cuts BBC intelligence activity UK. Retrieved 16 November 2011 from http//www. bbc. co. uk/ news program/uk-politics-14366522 McKenna, T and Noble, C. (2009, March 3). Non profit Finance Fund Survey Americas Nonprofit in danger. Non profit finance fund. Retrieved16 November 2011 from http//nonprofitfinancefund. org/news/2009/nonprofit-finance-fund-survey-americas-nonprofits-danger Rabe Thomase, J. (2010, June 21) In recession, non-profit agencies see volunteers increase as funding shrinks. The CT Mirror. Retrieved 11 November 2011 from http//ctmirror. rg/story/6460/non-profits-gaining%20volunteers bfy. (2008) Non-profits in Carlisle History of Non-profits in the U. S. Carlisle History.. Retrieved 18 November 2011 from http//carlislehistory. dickinson. edu/? page_id=278 bfy. (n. d. ) Knowledge Base. Grant space. Retrieved 11 November 2011 from http//grantspace. org/Tools/Knowledge-Base/Funding-Research/Statistics/Number-of-nonprofits-in-the-U. S n. d. The Jakarta post,. Retrieved 23 November 2011 from http//www. thejakartapost. com/news/2011/10/26/lawmakers-accuse-greenpeace-illegal-activities. tml Brunel, F. F. , and Nelson. M. R. (2000). Explaining Gendered Responses to Help-Self and Help-Others Charity Ad Appeals The Mediating Role of World -Views. Journal of Advertising, XXIX (3), 15-28. Knowles, P. , & Gomes, R. (2010). Building Relationships with Major-Gift Donors A Major-Gift Decision-Making, Relationship-Building Model. Journal of Nonprofit & Public sector Marketing, 21 (4), 384-406. Sargeant, A. , & Woodliffe, L. (2007). Building Donor Loyalty The Antecedents and Role of Commitment in the Context of Charity Giving.Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 18 (2), 47-68. Venable, B. T. , Rose, G. M. , Bush, V. D. , & Gilbert, F. W. (2005). The Role of Brand Personality in clement Giving An Assessment and Validation. Academy of Marketing Science, 33 (3), 295-312. White, K. , & Peloza, J. (2009). Self-Benefit Versus Other-Benefit Marketing Appeals Their Effectiveness in Generating Charitable Support. Journal of Marketing, 73 (July), 109-124. Appendix 1. Raw SPSS Output Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 2 Regression Variables get toed/RemovedbModel Variables Entered Variables Removed Method 1 Mean_Brandpersonality , Mean_PersonalLinka . Enter a. All requested variables entered. b. Dependent Variable Mean_intention Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the assessment 1 ,242a ,059 ,054 ,86641 a. Predictors (Constant), Mean_Brandpersonality, Mean_PersonalLink ANOVAb Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 17,971 2 8,985 11,970 ,000a Residual 289,004 385 ,751 Total 306,975 387 a.Predictors (Constant), Mean_Brandpersonality, Mean_PersonalLink b. Dependent Variable Mean_intention Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients regularise Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 4,012 ,258 15,523 ,000 Mean_PersonalLink -,053 ,048 -,062 -1,122 ,263 Mean_Brandpersonality ,258 ,054 ,262 4,780 ,000 Hypothesis 3 T-test Group Statistics What is your current income N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Mean_intention = 3 152 4,8618 ,90656 ,07353 3 135 5,1136 ,89235 ,07680

Starting a Business vs Franchise

Explain the differences of establishing a business from scratch and setting up a franchise. Evaluate the conquest of franchises in Australia (refer to examples). There are significant differences surrounded by establishing a new business and setting up a franchise. Starting a business from scratch often takes a long time and a large amount of capital to accomplish, but the rewards can be substantial. A franchise is a business that is licensed to trade under a prize brand name for netment of a fee (e. g. McDonalds, 7-11, etc). A franchisee purchases the franchise from the franchisor and operates under their name while paying fees.The factors involved in choosing one of these devil options differ considerably and include the amount of risk, cost, operations and genius. Establishing a new business involves the highest amount of risk due to the entrepreneur being solely responsible for everything that occurs in the business. In addition, there is a significant threat of failure fo r any new business which can result in huge losings for the business owner. Without a previous business reputation, it may prove difficult for entrepreneurs to secure finance which in effect significantly limits their access to funds to pay for establishment be.Starting a new business gives the owner greater control over all key decisions and operations, as a result allowing the owner to set up the business exactly how they wish. Establishing a reputation for a new business is a slow process since a customer footstall and marketing campaign needs to be developed to generate sufficient sales for the firm. As a result, a new business will have got a slow growth in profits and may not be able to achieve a high level of profits at the start. Setting up a franchise presents the lowest risk due to already being established and generally selling widely recognised products.The costs associated in purchasing a franchise vary significantly depending on a number of factors such as type and size. Due to the general success of a franchise, it is much easier for a franchisee to obtain finance. However, franchisees must pay ongoing costs such as royalties to the franchisor which may lead to a reduction in overall profits. Setting up a franchise heavily restricts the owners control over business operations which prevents them from making their own decisions. This is due to the fact that the franchisor has totality control over the business operations and ultimately determines how the owner runs the franchise.It is also much easier for a franchisee to generate sales due to the widely established reputation of the franchise and the products sold may already be advertised and marketed by the franchisor. Most franchises have been extremely successful in Australia and have become the express growing area of small business in 2004 there were approximately 850 franchise operations in Australia. Franchises such as Gloria Jeans and Jims Mowing have grown staggeringly in the pas t few years between 1999 and 2004, the number of franchises grew by 25%.This is due to the effective business formula, well-recognised name and established trademarks of franchises which have attracted numerous investors in Australia. Another reason regarding the enormous of franchises in Australia is the fact that most of them offer comprehensive bringing up and support to franchisees. For example, McDonalds provide franchisees with uniforms, staff training packages, the ingredients and equipment for production and conducts extensive advertising on their behalf. As the success of franchises continues to grow in Australia, it is becoming an attractive option for many potential entrepreneurs in first a business.

Consumer Behavior and Purchase Decision Making Process

Consumer behavior and purchase decision making process Every day we pauperisation to make a decissions acquire or not to buy anything. There are many things which helps us to make decissions like location, mood, advertisments and other. Consumer behavior is the mental and emotional processes and physical activities people engage in when they select, purchase, use, and dispose of products or services to satisfy particular needs and desires. A consumer goes done several stages before purchasing a product or service 1. need 2. instruction gathering/search 3. evaluation of alternatives . purchase of product/service 5. post purchase evaluation. In my opinion, in this process there are two chief(prenominal) steps entropy gathering and evaluation of alternatives. These steps help to understand how much you need the product and how good it is. The buying process starts with comming needs. A need stand be activated through internal or outer stimuli. A need stinker also be aroused b y an external stimulus such as sight of a new thing in a shop while purchasing other things. Need is the near important factor which leads to buying of products and services.Need infact is the catalyst which triggers the buying decision of individuals. After need arousal, the consumer tries to solve it and gathers the sources and information about the product. Depending upon the intensity of need, it produces two soils of individual. The first state is called heightened worry when the consumer becomes much receptive to the information regarding the item he needs. If a consumer needs to purchase a refrigerator, he will pay mere attention to fridge ads and the remarks made by friends and associates about fridges.If need is more intense, the individual enters a state of active information search and he tries to collect more information about the product, its key attributes, qualities of various brands and about the outlets where they are available. There are a lot of consumer infor mation sources like family, friends, advertisements, mass media, salesman. In my opinion, it is unuttered to arrange in the order wich angiotensin converting enzyme is the best source where get information about product. All these sources have pluses and minuses.If I prefer get information from family there is possibility that I do not get info about technical stuff. Or if I choose only salesman advice he can aggrandize about product advantages. That is why I recommend to take information as much as possible from every source. Having collected the information, the consumer finish up and evaluate the alternatives. There is, unfortunately no simple and single evaluation process used by all consumers or even by one consumer in all buying situations. Consumers can make choices based on their emotions and feelings.They elicit from memory their overall evaluations of products and choos the alternative for which they have the most positive feelings. unrivaled of the most current proces s of evaluation is to judge the product largely on a conscious and rational basis. Various considerations form the part of conception such as product attributes, importance, weights, brand image, utility function for each attribute, and attitude and other. After evaluation of various alternatives, he takes the decision to buy or not to buy.Ofcourse, people can make choice on the spur of the moment, often without prior problem recognition. But I recommend going through all theese five steps focusing on information gathering and evaluation of alternatives. And always remember that the best impression about product you can get only after you try it. Izmantota literatura http//www. managementstudyguide. com/consumer-decision-making-process. htm http//uwmktg301. blogspot. com/2010/01/evaluation-of-alternatives. html http//www. slideshare. net/Annie05/consumer-buying-behavior-and-decision-making-presentation

Lope de Vega

pony de Vega (full name Felix Arturo Lope de Vega y Carpio) was well known throughout the world as The Phoenix of Spain. He lived his life to die one of the most important playwrights and poets of the Spanish Golden Century Baroque. Born in Madrid on November 25th 1562, he started showing his enormous natural endowment for writing at an early age. During his lifetime he wrote over 1800 comedia pieces and ascorbic acids shorter dramatic pieces of which around 500 were published. Lope de Vega transformed the Spanish theatre and took it to its greater limits.He died on August 27th 1635 and to this day his work remains popular all over the world. At the age of five, Lope was already showing signs of a mentality in the making. He was reading and speaking fluent Spanish and Latin and by the age of 12 he had written his get-go play. Today, over 80 of his plays are considered masterpieces. When Lope was fourteen, he was enrolled in a Jesuit school in Madrid and studied at the Universit y of Alcala. After his graduation he treasured to follow the footsteps of his athletic supporter, Bishop of Avila and become a priest, but his issue for women was too great and he realized that the life of celibacy was not his style.In 1583 he joined the phalanx and was a part of the Spanish Navy. After his return to Madrid, Lope officially began his life as a playwright. Here he fell in love with a daughter of a theatre owner, Elena Osorio. She soon left him for another man and Lope started a vitriolic attack on her and her family. Because of this, he got throw into jail, and soon after was banished from the court for eight eld and two years from Castile. In the company of a 16-year-old Isabel de Urbina he went into exile. De Vega was forced to marry her after this.After beingness married for only a hardly a(prenominal) weeks, Lope went back to serving his country with the Navy. In 1588 the Invincible Armada sailed against England and Lopes ship was one of the few that retu rned unharmed. Upon his return he settled in Valencia working as a dramatist. In 1950 he served as the secretary of the Duke of Alba, and because of this he relocated to Toledo. Five years later Isabel died, and since his eight years of banishment have passed, he left Toledo and moved back to Madrid. Here he found more love personal matters and more scandals.He also had four children with Micaela de Lujan. Micaela was his inspiration for a rich series of sonnets. In 1594 he wrote a well-known play called El maestro de danzar, other known as The Dancing Master. Yet in 1598 he married yet again, a daughter of a very wealthy butcher. Still his affairs with other women and Micaela keep. In this year he wrote La Arcadia, a pastoral romance which to this day is one of the poets most wearisome productions. Also, he wrote La Dragontea, a history in verse of Sir Francis Drakes last expedition and death.A year later he wrote a narrative life of Saint Isidore , the patron saint of Madrid, c omposed in octosyllabolic quintillas, called El Isidro. In 1580s and 1590s his moorish and pastoral themed poems were extremely popular, partly because they were a reflection of Lopes own affairs and the characters has a lot in common with Lope and his life at the time, his numerous love affairs. In 1602 alone he published two hundred sonnets and in 1604 he republished them with new material in his Rimas. In the seventeenth century Lope de Vegas literary output reached his peak. He wrote La La Hermosura de Angelica, a set of three books, in 1602.He was truly one of the greatest poets of his time. After that decade however, lopes life took a turn for the worse. Lope incapacitated his son, his married woman and at this point Micaela disappears as well. He gathered all of his children and moved them under the same roof. His writing in the early 1600s was full of heavier religious influences and finally, in 1614 he joined the priesthood. In 1614 his religious sonnets were published in a book called Rimas sacras, which once again became a bestseller. In 1627 he wrote the first Spanish opera titled La selva sin amor or The Lovelorn Forest.Even though he was now a priest, he still continued to have affairs with many women. During this time one of his most notable and long relationships was with Martha de Nevared, who he stayed with until her death in 1632. In 1934 he published a third book Rimas humanas y divinas del licenciado Tome de Burguillos which was considered his masterpiece and the most modern poem book of the 17th century. In 1635, tragedy struck again when lope lost another son and his youngest daughter was abducted off the coast of Venezuela. Lope de Vega was infected with scarlet fever and died later that year, in Madrid, on August 27th.In his lifes work, Lope de Vega broke the neoclassical three unities (place, time and action). He showed that he knew the established rules of poetry, but excused himself from them stating that a vulgar Spaniard cares no thing about them. He wrote so his readers could easily relate and understand him, he stood as a defender of the common language of ordinary life. Unfortunately, the books he read, his literary connections, and his fear of Italian criticism all exercised an influence upon his naturally robust spirit and, like so many others he caught the prevalent contagion of mannerism and of pompous phraseology.Lopes own records indicate that by 1604 he had composed, in round numbers, as many as 230 three-act plays, comedias. This figure rose to 1500 by 1632. Montalban, in Fama Postuma (1636) make a total of 1800 comedias and more than 400 shorter sacramental plays. Many of these pieces were printed during Lopes lifetime. It is hard to categorize Lopes work since it was of great variety. Nevertheless, his most illustrious plays belong to the lass called capa y espada or cloak and dagger, where the plots are love intrigues complicated with affairs of honor, most commonly involving the petty nobilit y of mediaeval Spain.Some of the best known works of this class are El perro del hortelano (The Dog in the Manger), La viuda de Valencia (The Widow from Valencia), and El maestro de danzar. In some of these Lope strives to set forth some moral maxim and to illustrate its abuse by a living example. Lope found a poorly form drama. Plays were composed sometimes in three, or even four acts. Though they were written in verse, the structure of the versification was left far too much to the mood of the individual writer. Because the Spanish public liked it, he adopted the style of drama then in vogue.Its narrow framework, however, he enlarged to an extraordinary degree, introducing everything that could possibly furnish material for dramatic situations the Bible, ancient mythology, the lives of the saints, ancient history, Spanish history, the legends of the Middle Ages, the writings of the Italian novelists, current events, and everyday Spanish life in the 17th century. Prior to him, playwrights barely sketched the conditions of persons and their characters with fuller observation and more careful description, Lope de Vega created real types and gave to each social order the language and accoutrements appropriate to it.

Kant’s Moral Rationality Essay

In Kants book, The Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, he believes that the smashing entrust is only good in itself and that reason is what produces the goodness of the good will. According to Kant, to act out of a good will means to act out of duty, or doing something because you find it necessary to do. Also, good will is will that is in accordance with reason. He believes everyone has a honourable obligation or duty to do actions and he backs his theory up by discussing his idea of the lessonistic rectitude.The moral law, according to Kant, is when one is to act in accordance with the demands of realistic reason, or acting done solely out of respect of duty. He says that moral laws will make you will in a certain way and is not subject to something further. Moral laws apply to all rational existence in all places at all times. Overall, he believes that morality is on a basis of a priori, or preceding experience.This type of moral law commands us to be truthful from r espect for the law and to do the right thing. Morality is about categorical commands that we ought to follow simply because it is the right thing to do. By categorical commands, or categorical imperative, it is supposed to provide us with a way to make moral judgments, which means it is a law. It is a way of overture up with the idea how any action can be rational. He means since all externals are taken from morality, moral commands must be categorical.In his book, Kant explains that he makes five things perfect clear 1. All moral concepts have their origin entirely a priori in reason. 2. Moral concepts cant be formed by abstraction from any empirical knowledge or, therefore, from anything contingent. 3. This purity or non-empiricalness of origin is what gives them the dignity of serving as supreme practical principles. 4. any(prenominal) addition of something empirical takes away just that much of their influence and of the unqualified worth of actions performed in accordance wit h them. 5. Not only is it necessary in develop a moral theory but also important in our practical lives that we derive the concepts and laws of morals from pure reason and present them pure and unmixed, find out the scope of this entire practical but pure rational knowledge. (Kant 17)Kant goes on to discuss a relationship between the moral law and reason. He says that moral philosophy cannot be merely an empirical inquiry, but that is must be a metaphysical inquiry, and that it must be based on pure practical reason. Pure practical reason is the reason that drives actions without any sensible incentives. Kant also states that Morality is based neither on utility or nature, but on human reason. And this human reason tells us what we ought to do and when we obey this human reason, then we can say we are truly free.Finally, Kant discusses why he thinks that the moral is the rational. He believes that acting dutifully is the same as doing something because rationality tells you to do it. In section three, he discusses how moral principles come from yourself, or your rationality. And how one should litigate the idea of will of every rational being as a universal law. Thus, rationality requires us to be moral.

Communication skills in a group interaction Essay

Communication is one of the most imperative things of being a human being. If we were not sufficient to lapse, we would not be able to interact with otherwises wherefore we would most likely be unsuccessful in leading our lives to their full potential. there ar two types of intercourse, which are verbal and non verbal. So we tail lend oneself our voice along with non verbal communication like your eyes, gestures and voice tone to name a few. Everything that we do can forget off a arbitrary or negative vibe about yourself, which could potenti ally enhance or worsen communication.LOOKING AT EFFECTIVE communicationThe job of a health and social alimony worker is to enhance the quality of flocks lives. They must allow the clients to be in control and independent. This is why it is imperative that care workers are aware of what demands the clients feel on them, and the admit communication skills they adopt to use to improve their life. Abraham Maslow theory which said the goal of ones life was person increase would show that everyone should aim to develop their own ability and potential. til now, before this stage can take place there are such things which need to be taken into account, the main thing would be deficiency needs.see moreexplain how distress may affect the way an individual communicatesThese run through been put into a pyramid which is shown below It is important for any health and social worker to posses certain vital skills. They need to understand how important it is to communicate and interact with other, along with knowing and understanding their own individual needs. Basically Maslow (1) theory is explaining how an individual person should strive to develop their individual ability and potential. in the lead the individual can develop their own potential the levels in the pyramid will need to be met.This deficiency needs play a component part in fulfilling individual needs, and it is therefore it is imperative that social an d health workers are fully aware of these deficiency needs. Communication that takes place in an early historic period setting has to that of a high standard to enhance the potential of the clients, especially when working with children because they tend to pick up on things much easier. Therefore teachers need to be trained, so they are fully aware of all their communication skills they use, this even means from the way they dress to the manner in which they speak to the children.Everything has to be adapted to the clients level, like the manner in which they chew out. Usually they would talk with some degree of difficult language however they simply cannot talk to the children how they would a fellow member of staff. They constantly need to change from one role to another, and they need to bring on sure that this does not become mixed up. COMMUNICATION WITHIN A GROUP SITUATION Communication skills within a conclave interaction are just as imperative as communication on a one to one basis. A set of people in todays language is considered as a free radical.A member of a chemical group may posses the sense of belong and this gives the members of a particular group and group feeling. This group feeling is sometimes know and described as a group identity. This occurs in a caring, or working situation where people belong to stopher and would identify the as belonging in a group. There are two types of groups, primary and secondary, which have been identified by social scientists. The is thought that a primary group of people are that of people who know each other and feel that they belong together while as the secondary group is people who only have something in common.A primary group in care tend to share the subsequent features Some groups require a lot of team lead or effort before they are able to work well together however there are groups, which naturally come together, and this enables them to work well. There have been many theorists, which have s tudied the way people start to work together. People need to get to know each other and adopt about them before a group can have a sense of belonging. It is similarly thought that ever group goes through a period in which the group trials before they unite and work effectively together.One of the well-known theorists in which to explain the stages was that of Tuckman (1965). Tuckman suggests that most groups go through a march involving four stages before they can become effective. (1) * Forming- this is the first stage of group formation. The introductory stage is most likely to happen when group members first get together. There may be some people who are unsure of the reasons why they are attending the meeting and the purpose of the group may not be clear and at times prejudice and stereotyping may occur and be expressed within this stage.Storming within the group a power struggle may occur, this is where individuals will contest against each other for the role of leader of the group. Arguments may occur over how the group should work, who should perform certain tasks. Some groups can fail within stage two or individuals within this group may decide to leave as the do not feel convenient within the group. Within a working group, this can occur and staff will sometimes refuse to communicate with certain members of the group, this is known as group storming.Norming common beliefs or norms can be developed within the group at this stage. People are now beginning to trust each other more and have now developed clear roles for each other. Norms are the shared expectations of the group on one another. These norms enable the group to be able to work together. * Performing the group can now start to perform well because the group shares the same values and norms. People may feel that they are comfortable and belong to the group, and the group morale may be high, which contributes positively to the group.GROUP SEATING PLANS Sometimes it is noticeable on the way in which the group sits are stands to whether it is in it performing stage or it is working as a successful interaction as a group. If you are working within a group discussion it is imperative that all the participants of that interaction are made aware of one another and they can see and hear all the other participants. This is why the circle is one of the favourable seating patterns because all the participants faces can be seen in this structure and the body language is clearer.This can help oneself to promote the interaction and skills used within the communication. Being seated within a circle may sometimes suggest to the participants that everyone is equal to each other. However there are many other seating patterns which can be structured in a way to suit specific interactions. For example a carer or teacher may like to sit within the circle half way, or in the front of a half circle. This will give out the message that all of the participants are equal however the care r or teacher will be taking the lead role of the interaction.MY GROUP interaction Where my interaction took place For my group communication, I have decided to revisit my school which I had previously looked at whilst doing communication skills within an early yr setting. My school that I will be revisiting is Buxton County essential school. I would like to do my group communication with class 2 because I feel that it is an appropriate task to do with them, although I think that reception class is a bit too young. My interaction took place with 6 pupils, within class time.I decided to make Thank you cards with them, because it was just after Christmas and I feel that this task is suitable. Purpose of my interaction The purpose of my group interaction with the group was to promote interaction between the pupils and also with the members of the group. I am also looking to show an observer some of the communication skills I have learnt, and also to show that they are valuable and in a group situation, successful. The group were working together to produce Thank you cards for their family, and sharing their ideas to help others.I wanted the children to be able to help each other to make the cards and choosing the individual materials, which were needed to make their cards. I also would like to make this a fun activity for the children, in which they will get some learning experience out of too. I am also hoping that the pupils will be willing to ask me questions about the activity and that I will be able to give sufficient answers. Mrs Paterson (the classroom teacher) decided to choose five pupils in which I was going to work on my selected activity with.Mrs Paterson said that she chose children which she knew had previously worked together, and have been successful in interacting with each other. I think that this would be sooner helpful for me because there was a smaller likelihood of misbehaving in the interaction. Setting and layout My interaction took plac e within the year 2 classroom at Buxton Primary School. I decided to do it within class time, so there were no irregularities to the childrens timetable. The classroom was brightly coloured, with lots of pictures, posters, art work, cards and constitution the children had done themselves.

Reconstruction After the American Civil War Essay

The civil war is considered by many an(prenominal) the just about important war that our domain has endured. During the 5 year Civil War, not merely did 620,000 men die, but our farming was left in ruins. It was necessary that our country be rebuilt from bottom up. Abraham capital of Nebraska, say to be the brightest president of his time, had plans and ideas for reconstruction. Unfortunately, these plans were failed to be put in place due to the fact of his assassination on April 14, 1865. Throughout some of the some politic in ally tough years our nation has experienced (1865-1877) lousy presidents were elected, plans and bills failed and succeeded, and struggles with civil rights were prominent everywhere. The United States hopeful plans for reconstructing and reuniting slowly faded until it was all goneThe most important part of reconstruction would probably gravel to be the beginning, or where it all started. Reconstruction of our nation began unofficially in 1863 with Lincolns 10% plan. Because Lincoln wanted a reunited nation as easily and quickly as possible, he entailed that only 10% of the confed timetes in each state would have to swear trueness in order for the state to be accepted back into the union. Because of the small add to commenceher of confederates needed to swear allegiance, the radical republicans in relative were angered and proposed the Wade-Davis Bill. The Wade-Davis bill was intended to make congress responsible for reconstruction rather than the president, and also stated that the majority (not 10%) would have to swear allegiance in each state to be re-accepted into the union. For the good of the united states, not for selfish reasons, Lincoln vetoed (or declined) the bill. Because Lincoln was assassinated, the rest of his plans and hopes for reconstruction were never put to use, and his vice-president, Andrew Johnson, took the Presidential role.As reconstruction continued on, it brought many major achievements that nea tly benefited our country. One of the greatest accomplishments of reconstruction was the Fifteenth Amendment. The Fifteenth Amendment stated that everyone has a right to pick out no matter what race, color, or previous condition of servitude was. Because many sportsmanlikes didnt like this, they wouldnt gather with the amendment and would go as far as using violence to make blacks not vote. Because of this congress employ the Enforcement Act of 1870 which entailed that federal governments would be able to punish those that were causing problems for the African Americans. Going along with the ordinal amendment, reconstruction brought another achievement, a new-sprung(prenominal) life and society for actor slaves.Supported by the government, former slaves were able to create new lives for themselves. Although it took hard work and dedication, African Americans were able to create schooling systems, churches and put up groups and fight against segregation. Former slaves were ab le to reunite with their families, and blacks were even concludingly allowed a spot in politics. The final greatest achievement of reconstruction was reuniting our country. Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and the other four states all re-entered the union by 1870. By originally initiating reconstruction, this is what Lincoln was shooting for. Although they still had political and economic differences, they were once again a reunited nation.With every great movement and political plan, lasting effects come along with it. During reconstruction many things were accomplished, which means that our nation was faced with many positive and negative effects. Some of the positive effects include new opportunities for the common public and former slaves. For example, the common public was presented with its first public school system, new roads and railroads, as well as orphanages for children and institutions for the mentally ill. One of the negative effects of the war was the physically and economically drained south. After the war, the south was in extremely deplorable physical condition and most everything had to be either rebuilt or restored. This was going to cost sufficient amounts of money that the south did not have. To get the money, the taxes rose and the wages lowered. Many people were without family members that died in the civil war, and the souths population had change magnitude drastically.Another lasting effect that reconstruction left on our nation was a dent on the farms and plantations in the south. Many farms and plantations in the south had been ruined. Poor whites and African Americans were at disagreement with rich whites on what the farm land should be used as. Rich whites wanted to restore the plantation system and hapless whites and African Americans wanted to create small farms and subsistence farming. Labor was also down. With many men dying in the war, not as many people were left to wor k on the farms. When the plantations were reopened, many African Americans and poor whites worked on the plantations in exchange for housing, food, clothing, etc. Many good and bad effects were left on our nation from reconstruction.Although reconstruction was a good recovery point for our nation, it was slowly ended in 1877 for a collection of reasons. One of the largest problems was whites inflicting violence on African Americans to prevent them from exercising their rights. During reconstruction, Americans struggled with anti-black radicals such as the Ku Klux Klan. They undone buildings, personal property, harmed the African Americans, and even went as far as killing them. The goal of the Ku Klux Klan was to restore white supremacy. By 1880 terrorist groups had restored white supremacy in the south. Along with terrorist groups, political troubles were also in the nations way. General Ulysses S. Grant was elected president in 1872. Because Grant was inexperienced, he brought his friends into high positions and many scandals resulted. Because of all of the scandals, many people became irritated and more conflict arose. Last but not least, the United States was experiencing economic turmoil.The panic of 1873 was one of the main reasons that focus was turned away from reconstruction. A man named Jay Cooke invested a imposing amount of money in railroads and not enough investors bought shares, causing Cooke to spiral into debt. Because of this Cookes banking firm (largest in the nation) went bankrupt. Many small banks and businesses closed and the stock market closed. Millions lost their jobs. Because of this five year depression, the focus of the country was turned away from reconstruction. Reconstruction lasted a solid 13 years that were filled with many great improvements and countless lasting effects on our country. While enduring many severe losses and challenges brought on by the Civil War, the United States pushed through and reunited. We will always b e affected by this era in our countrys history. Throughout many failed presidencies, failed and passed bills and movements, and continuous struggles with civil rights, America became the country it is today. From the achievements to the join of reconstruction, I believe it was completely necessary and left many lasting effects, good and bad, on our country.

Porters Five Forces on Retail Industry Essay

Five forces Model1) Suppliers cater2) Buyers Bargaining Power3) New Potential Entrants4) Threat of Substitutes5) Industry CompetitorsSTRENGTHS1) Suppliers powerA part is ugly if the companys suppliers are able to raise prices or reduce quantity supplied Ss in apparels divide boast major brands like, Arrow, Levis, lee, Provogue, Pepe, loues Philip, ZodiacWeakness2) Customer Buying PowerThe bargaining power of customer at SS can be a weakness if customer shift to substitutes.There are various other brands which could acquit as a substitute to SS for eg Zodiac, Raymonds, Color plus, and Arvind Mills3) Industry competitorscompetitors like Globus, Westside and Lifestyle, Wills Lifestyles, Rpg ,Pantaloon who catered to the same segment of customers, entered the market.4) New potential entrantsPreferred Partner for Foreign PlayersSS is the preferred partner/retailer for foreign brands go into India. The company has already signed an agreement with UK retailer Mothercare to retail the ir products. The company has tied-up Estee Lauders mac brand of cosmetics with one strongly performing outlet opened so far. SS has also tied up with Austin Reed for both manufacturing and retailing its brand in India. We expect many more opportunities for kindred tie-ups, particularlyas the government has allowed up to 51% FDI in single brand retailing.Shoppers Stop has 4 division the Mens apparels, ladies apparels, kids wear and the Non-apparels. Following is their contribution to the turnover.* Mens 43% of gross sales* Womens 18% of sales* Kids 8% of sales* Non-Apparels 31% of salesSS LOYALITY PROGRAMESSS PIONEERED INDIAS first loyality programesThey have 3 tier loyality programme 1) classic moments for entry level 2) silver edge 3) golden glow, members strickle in different cateogory dependimng on theior spends with the company, they also receive reward points which they can redeem later on.

Night World : Soulmate Chapter 3

I he sleek white limousine raced by dint of the night like a dolphin underwater, carrying ThierryDes-couedres push through-of-door from the airport. It was taking him to hisLas Vegas mansion, white w tout ensembles and palmtrees, limpid blue fountains and tiled terraces. Rooms full of artwork and museum-quality furniture.Ein truththing any star could call for for.He shut his eyes and leaned back against the crimson cushions, wishing he were somewhere else.How wasHawaii , sir? The drivers voice came from the movement seat.Thierry subject his eyes. Nilsson was a good driver. He catch outmed to be ab push through Thierrys own age, more than or lessnineteen, with a orderly ponytail, dark glasses despite the fact t chapeau it was nighttime, and a discreetexpression.Wet, Nilsson, Thierry verbalize quietly. He st atomic number 18d out the window. Hawaiiwas real wet.But you didnt find what you were looking for.No. I didnt find what I was looking for again.Im sorry, sir.Thank yo u, Nilsson. Thierry well- as understand to look past his own reflection in the window. It was disturbing, beholding that young man with the white-blond hair and the superannuated, old eyes looking back at him. He had such apensive expression so lost and so sad.Like somebody always looking for something he drive outt find, Thierry thought.He turned out from the window in determination.Everything been red all right while Ive been gone? he asked, picking up his cellular holler. Work.Work always helped. Kept you busy, kept your estimate off things, kept you away from yourself, basically.Fine, I depend, sir. Mr. James and Miss Poppy ar back. Thats good. Theyll make thenext Circle Daybreak meeting. Thierrys finger hovered over a sack onthe phone, considering whom to call. Whose demand might be the close to urgent.But before he could touch it, the phone buzzed.Thierry pressed send and held it to his ear. Thierry.Sir? Its me, Lupe. Can you hear me? The voice was faint and brok en by static, but irrelevant as it was,Thierry could hear that the caller sounded weak.Lupe? Are you all right?I got in a fight, sir. Im a little torn up. She gave a gasping chuckle. But you should see the dissimilar wolf.Thierry reached for a leather-bound address book and a goldMont Blanc pen. Thats non funny, Lupe.You shouldnt be fighting.I know, sir, but-Youve really got to restrain yourself.Yes, sir, but-Tell me where you are, and Ill turn over somebody pick you up. specify you to a doctor. Thierry made apractice delay with the pen. No ink came out. He stared at the cock of it in mild disbelief. You buy aneight-hundred-dollar pen and then it doesnt write, he murmured.Sir, youre not listening to me. You dont go out. Ive found her.Thierry stop trying to make the pen write. He stared at it, at his own long fingers holding the chunky, rough gold barrel, knowing that this sight would be impressed on his memory as if burned in with atorch.Did you hear me, sir? Ive found her. When his voice came out at last, it was opposedly distant. Are you sure?Yes. Yes, sir, Im sure. Shes got the mark and everything. Her name is Hannah Snow.Thierry reached over the front seat and grabbed the astonished Nilsson with a hand like iron. He saidvery tranquilityly in the drivers ear, Do you have a pencil?A pencil?Something that writes, Nilsson. An creature to make marks on paper. Do you have one? Quick,because if I lose this connection, youre fired.Ive got a pen, sir. One-handed, Nilsson fished in his pocket and produced a Bic.Your salary only if doubled. Thierry took the pen and sat back. Where are you, Lupe? The Badlands of Montana, sir. Near a township called Medicine Rock. But in that locations something else, sir.Lupes voice seemed less steady all of a sudden. The other wolf that fought me-he saw her, too. And hegot away.Thierrys breath caught. I see.Im sorry. Lupe was suddenly talking quickly, in a burst of emotion. Oh, Thierry, Im sorry. I assay tostop him. Bu t he got away-and now Im afraid hes off utter her.You couldnt help it, Lupe. And Ill be thither myself, soon. Ill be there to take care of-everything.Thierry looked at the driver. Weve got to make some stops, Nilsson. First, the Harman store.The witch place?Exactly. You can triple your salary if you stick to there fast.When Hannah got to capital of Minnesota Winfields house the next after(prenominal)noon, the sheriff was there. Chris Grady was anhonest-to-goodness Western sheriff, boom with boots, broad-brimmed hat, and vest. The only thingmissing, Hannah thought as she walked around to the back of the house where capital of Minnesota was pound signboards across the broken windows, was a horse.Hi, Chris, she said.The sheriff nodded, sun-weathered skin crinkling at the corners of her eyes. She took off her hat and rana hand through shoulder-length auburn hair. I see you found yourself a couple of giant timber wolves,Hannah. Youre not hurt, are you?Hannah shook her manoeuvre no. She tried and true to summonup a smile but failed. I think they were whitethornbe wolf-dogs or something. Pure-bred wolves arent soaggressive.That print wasnt made by any wolf-dog, Chris said. On the cover flagstones outside the windowthere was a paw print made in blood. It was similar to a dogs footprint, with four pads plus claw marksshowing. But it was more than six inches long by that over five inches wide.Judging from that, its the biggest wolf ever heard of around here, bigger than the White wildcat of theJudith. The sheriffs eyes drifted to the empty rectangles of the broken windows. Big and mean. Youpeople be careful. Somethings going on here that I dont like. Ill let you know if we catch your wolves.She nodded to capital of Minnesota, who was sucking his finger after banging it with the hammer. Then she set her hatback on her head and strode off to her car.Hannah stared at the paw print silently. Everyone else thought there was something going on. Everyonebut her.Becau se there cant be, she thought. Because it has to all be in my head. It has to be something I canfigure out and fix quick something I can control.Thanks for seeing me again so soon, she said to capital of Minnesota. Oh He gestured, tucking the hammer under his arm. Its no trouble. I necessity to get to the base ofwhats upsetting you as often as you do. And, he admitted under his breath as he let them in the house,I dont actually have any other patients.Hannah followed him stilt a hallway and into his office. It was dim inside, the boards across thewindows reducing the youthful afternoon sunlight to separate oddly-angled shafts.She sat in the contoured chair. The only thing is, how can we get to the bottom of it? I dont perceivewhats upsetting me, either. Its all too strange. I mean, on the one hand, Im clearly insane. She roundflatly as Paul took his seat on the opposite side of the desk. I have loony dreams, I think the world isgoing to end, I have the smelling Im being fo llowed, and yesterday I started hearing voices in my head. Onthe other hand, me being insane doesnt explain wolves jumping through the windows.Voices? Paul murmured, looking around for a pencil. Then he gave up and faced her. Yeah, I know. Iunderstand the temptation. Last night after having those wolves stare at me, I was about ready to intendthat there had to be something He trailed off and shook his head, lifting papers on his desk to glanceunder them. Something really strange going on. But now its daytime, and were all rational people,and we realize that we have to deal with things rationally. And, actually, you know, I think I may havecome up with a rational chronicle. He found a pencil and with an expression of vast relief hookan towaggle it between his fingers.Hope stirred inside Hannah. An explanation?Yeah. I mean, first of all, its possible that your premonitions and things are entirely unconnected withthe wolves. People never want to believe in coincidence, but it happens . But as yet if the two things areconnected-well, I dont think that means that anybodys after you. It could be that theres some sort ofdisturbance in this area-something thats stirring up the whole ecosystem, making wolves crazy,doing who knows what to other animals and that youre somehow sensing this. Youre attuned to itsomehow. Maybe its earthquake weather or-or sunspots or negative ions in the air. But whatsoever it is,its causing you to think that some terrible disaster is coming. That the world is ending or that youre aboutto be killed.Hannah mat the hope sink inside her, and it was more painful than not having had it at all. I suppose thatcould happen, she said. She didnt want to hurt his feelings. But how does it explain this?She reached into the canvas bag she carried instead of a purse and pulled out a folded slip of paper.Paul took the paper and read it. Theyve seen you. Theyre going to assure him. This is your last chance toget away. He stuck the pencil in his mouth . Hmmm I found it this morning wrapped around my toothbrush, Hannah said quietly. And its your handwrite? She shut her eyes and nodded. And you dont remember writing it. I didnt write it. Iknow I didnt. She opened her eyes and took a deep breath. The notes scare me. Everything thatshappening scares me. I dont understand any of it, and I dont see how Im supposed to fix it if I dontunderstand it.Paul considered, chewing on the pencil gently. Look-whatevers happening, whoevers writing thenotes, I think your subconscious mind mind is trying to tell you something. The dreams are evidence of that.But its not telling you enough. Theres something I was going to suggest, something I dont exactly believein, but that we can try anyway. Something to get toyour subconscious directly so we can ask it whats going on.Get to her subconscious directly. Hannah held her breath. Hypnosis?Paul nodded. Im not a big hypnosis fan. Its not some magical trance like TV and the movies want youto believe. Its j ust a state of mind where youre a little more relaxed, a little more presumable to be able toremember threatening things without choking up. But its nothing you cant achieve yourself by doing breathing exercises at home.Hannah wasnt happy. Hypnosis still seemed to mean giving up control. If not to Paul, then to her ownsubconscious.But what else am I supposed to do? She sat and listened to the quiet helplessness in her mind for amoment. not a peep from the cool wind voice or the crystal voice-and that was good, as far as she wasconcerned. Still, it pointed up the fact that she didnt have an alternative.She looked at Paul. sanction. Lets do it.Great. He stood, then reached for a book on the corner of his desk. Always assuming I rememberhow. Okay, why dont you lie down on the couch?Hannah hesitated, then shrugged. If Im going to do it, I might as well do it right. She lay down andstared at the dark beams in the ceiling. In spite of how miserable she was feeling, she had an almostirr esistible impulse to giggle. here she was on a real psychologists couch, waiting to be hypnotized. Her friends at school wouldnever consider even going to a shrink-out here inMontana craziness was okay. After all, you had to be alittle eccentric to be living in this hard land in the first place. What wasnt okay was admitting you couldntdeal with it on your own, stipendiary too much attention to it, asking for help. And allowing yourself to behypnotized was even worse.They all think Im the most independent and together of any of them. If they could see me now. Okay, Iwant you to get comfortable and shut your eyes, Paul said. He was perched with one hip on the edge ofhis desk, leg swinging, book in hand. His voice was quiet and soothing-the professional voice.Hannah shut her eyes.Now I want you to imagine yourself be adrift. Just floating and feeling very relaxed. Theres nothing youneed to think about and nowhere you need to go. And now youre seeing yourself enveloped by abeautiful violet light. Its bathing your entire body and its making you more and more relaxed The couch was astonishingly comfortable. Its curves fit under her, supporting her without being intrusive.It was easy to imagine that she was floating, easy to imagine the light around her.And now you feel yourself floating down deeper into a deeper state of relaxation and youresurrounded by a deep blue light. The blue light is all around you, shining through you, and its making youmore comfortable, more relaxedThe soft soothing voice went on, and at its direction Hannah imagined waves of colored light bathing herbody. cryptic blue, emerald green, golden yellow, glowing orange. Hannah saw it all. It was amazing and effortless her mind just showed her the pictures. And as the colors came and went she felt herselfbecoming more and more relaxed, warm and almost weightless. She couldnt feel the couch underneathher any longer. She was floating on light.And now youre seeing a blood-red red light, very d eep, very relaxing. Youre so relaxed youre hush up andcomfortable, and everything feels safe. Nothing will upset you you can answer all my questions withoutever feeling distressed. Do you understand me?Yes, Hannah said. She was apprised of saying it, but it wasnt exactly as if she had said it. She wasntaware of planning to say it. Something inside her seemed to be answering Paul using her voice.But it wasnt frightening. She still felt relaxed, floating in the red-faced light. every(prenominal) right. Im now speaking to Hannahs subconscious. You will be able to remember things thatHannahs waking mind isnt aware of-even things that have been repressed. Do you understand?Yes. Again, the voice seemed to come before Hannah decided to speak.Good. Now, Ive got this last note here, the one you found wrapped around your toothbrush thismorning. Do you remember this note?Yes. Of course.Okay, thats good. And now I want you to go back in your mind, back to the time that this note waswritten.T his time Hannah was aware of a need to speak. But how can I do that? I dont know when it waswritten. I didnt write-Just-just-just let go, Hannah, Paul said, rife her. His voice soothing again, he added, Feelrelaxed, feel yourself becoming very relaxed, and letyour conscious mind go. Just tell yourself to go back to the time this note was written. Dont worry abouthow. See the ruby light and think 1 will go back. Are you doing that?Yes, Hannah said. Go back, she told herself gamely. Just relax and go back, okay?And now, a picture is departning to form in your mind. You are seeing something. What are you seeing?Hannah felt something inside her give way. She seemed to be falling into the ruby right. Her ordinarymind was suspended it seemed to have been shuttled off to the side somewhere. In this odd dreamlikestate, nothing could surprise her.Pauls voice was gently insistent. What are you seeing?Hannah saw it.A tiny picture that seemed to open up, unfold as she stared at it.I see myself , she whispered. Where are you?I dont know. Wait, maybe Im in my room. She could see herself, wearing something long and white-anightgown. No, she was that self, she was in her bedroom, wearing her nightgown. She was in Paulsoffice, lying on the couch, but she was in her bedroom at the same time. How strange, she thought dimly.All right, now the picture will get clearer. Youll begin to see things around you. Just relax and youllbegin to see them. Now, what are you doing?Without feeling anything-except a kind of distant amusement and resignation-Hannah said, Writing anote.Paul muttered something that sounded like, Aha. But it might have been, XJh-huh. Then he saidsoftly, And why are you writing it?I dont know-to warn myself. I have to warn myself.About what?Hannah felt herself shake her own head helplessly.Okay what are you feeling as you write it?Oh That was easy. Paul was undoubtedly expecting her to say something like fear or anxiety. Butthat wasnt the strongest thing she was fe eling. Not the strongest at all.Longing, Hannah whispered. She moved her head restlessly on the couch. Just-longing.I beg your pardon?I want-so much I want .What do you want?Him. It came out as a sob. Hannahs ordinary mind watched somewhere in amazement, but Hannahsbody was entirely taken over by the feeling, racked with it. I know its impossible. Its danger and deathto me. But I dont care. I cant help itWhoa, whoa, whoa. I mean, youre feeling very relaxed. Youre very calm and you can answer myquestions. Who is this person that youre longing for?The one who comes, Hannah said softly and hopelessly. Hes wicked and evil I know that. Sheexplained it all to me. And I know hell kill me. The way he always has. But I want him.She was trembling. She could feel her own body radiating heat-and she could hear Paul swallow.Somehow in this expanded state of consciousness she seemed to be able to see him, as if she could beeverywhere at once. She knew he was sitting there on the edge of the des k, looking at her dazedly, fox by the transformation in the young woman on his couch. She knew he could see her, her face watch and glowing from inner heat, her breath coming quickly, herbody gripped by a fine muscular tremor. And she knew he was stirred-and frightened.Oh, boy. Pauls breath came out and he shifted on the desk. He bowed his head, then lifted it, lookingfor a pencil. Okay, I have to admit, Im lost. Lets just go back to the beginning here. You feel thatsomebody is after you, and that hes tried to kill you before? Some old boyfriend whos stalking you,maybe?No. He hasnt tried to kill me. He has killed me. He has killed you. Paul bit his pencil. He muttered, Ishould have known remedy than to have started this. I dont believe in hypnosis anyway.And hes going to do it again. Ill die before my seventeenth birthday. Its my penalisation for loving him.It always happens that way.Right. Okay. Okay, lets try something really basic here. Does this mystery guy have a name?Hannah lifted a hand and let it drop. When? she whispered.What?When?When what? What? Paul shook his head. Oh, hell-Hannah spoke precisely. Hes use different names at different times. Hes had-hundreds, I guess. But Ithink of him as Thierry. Thierry Descouedres.Because thats the one hes used for the last couple of lifetimes.There was a long silence. Then Paul said, The last couple of ?Lifetimes. It may still be his name now. The last time I saw him he said he wouldnt bother to change itanymore. He wouldnt bother to hide any longer.Paul said, Oh, God. He stood, walked to the window, and put his head in his hands. Then he turnedback to Hannah. Are we talking about I mean, tell me were not talking about He paused andthen his voice came out soft and boneless. The Big R? You know He winced. Reincarnation?A long silence.Then Hannah heard her own voice say flatly, He hasnt been reincarnated.Oh. Pauls breath came out in relief. Well, thank God. You had me scared there for a minute.Hes been alive all this time, Hannah said. He isnt human, you know.

Is Texting and Driving as bad as Drinking and Driving Essay

There ar many dangers when both imbibition temporary hookup driveway and schoolbookbooking part driving. In this essay the two pass on be compared and contrasted to find why people do them even with the heartrending consequences. Drivers think they can text while driving and also drink while driving because they think they can get away with it because noaffair has touched them in the past while doing it. Michael Austin states, Texting, also known as SMS (for bypass message service), is on the rise, up from 9.8 billion messages a month in December 05 to 110.4 billion in December 08. What does it mean to all drivers to text and drive, or even drink and drive? Why would soulfulness text and drive? Why would somebody drink and drive? Are the consequences great enough to set up a change? Driving is already dangerous when the driver isnt impaired, so when they add the chance of being impaired it increases their chances of getting hurt or damaging their car. Not only could t hey kill themselves, solely they could also kill somebody else and thats not fair to the other people that are doing nothing wrong if it isnt their fault. Drivers may want to pay close attention when they encounter their children because if they are texting while driving or drinking while drive when their children are in the car, the children result pick up the habits that are being influenced and think that it is delicately. Larry Copeland states in USA today, although theyre otherwise protective of their young children, the keep abreast finds, 78% of mothers with children under age 2 acknowledge talking on the audio while driving with their babies 26% say they text or check their e-mail (Larry Copeland, 2013).What it center to text while driving is that the driver is on their phone emailing, texting, or searching the web while their attention should be on the road aware of their surroundings. All drivers should constantly be focused on the road and other cars sort of of th eir phones. precisely is texting while driving as bad as drinking while driving? What it means to drink whiledriving is that the driver has possession and is consuming alcohol while operating a motor vehicle at the said(prenominal) condemnation. Although they are both different they bring in one thing in common, they both impair the driver. Micheal Austin states, Intern Browns baseline reaction time at 35 mph of 0.45 second worsened to 0.57 while reading a text, improved to 0.52 while writing a text, and returned almost to the baseline while impaired by alcohol, at 0.46. At 70 mph, his baseline reaction was 0.39 second, while the reading (0.50), texting (0.48), and drinking (0.50) numbers were similar. A huge engagement between the two is that when a driver drinks they are constantly impaired as they are driving. But when a driver is texting and driving there are usually impaired for less than a import. check to The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, five seconds is the average time your eyes are dour the road while texting. When traveling at 55mph, thats enough time to cover the length of a football field. Also a texting driver is 23 times more(prenominal) likely to get into an misadventure than a non-texting driver. (NHTSA, n.d). Even though texting and driving and drinking while driving are very dangerous one can be more harmful than the other at times.Everybody has received a phone call, email or text while driving one time or another. As concisely as the driver gets the notification that somebody is trying to reach them they nip the urge to check their phone. Our phones have become a major addiction and people cannot resist the temptation to check their phones every minute they get. A driver feels like it wont matter if they just happen to look have at their phone for a moment as they sop up their attention off of the road. Nothing has happened in the first place as theyve done it many times, so why would something happen now? But little do they know it could impact their lives in many ways. According to drivesafely.net, only 60% or more have admitted to texting and driving when the results are closer to 80% in reality (drive-safely.net, 2011). There may be more than one fence why people feel like it is okay to drink in drive. superstar of those reasons may be that they are so impaired that they arent aware of the dangers of getting behind the wheel. In some situations a driver could get pulled over by a police officer and he would give a breathalyzer test that the driver would most likely fail. Then the driver would be taken away tojail in hand cuffs and treated like a criminal.Another reason is that the driver feels as if they can drink as much as they would like and still be able to drive because they have done it in the past. Also drivers dont want to feel intimidated by the alcohol in their system they believe they are still capable of doing the same things they did when they werent under the influ ence. After youre put in jail you will have to instance a judge or jury and depending on your alcohol level youll be sentenced. If its okay to drink and drive, is it okay to text and drive? Neither option is okay. But people feel as if texting and driving is a lot more minor then drinking in driving. Drivers look at driving as a dangerous thing already and most think adding alcohol to the comparability makes it more dangerous. But is it worse than drinking and driving? Teenagers and adults dont think so. Drivers feel as if they can hide their phone when they are texting or talking on it and the police officer will not see them or take the time to pull them over. Especially since the consequences arent that great. The current texting fine is around $150, if you bump that up to about $300 Im sure people would be more careful. Also having insurance nowadays is a MUST. If insurance companies decided to stop covering these crashes Im sure they would decrease. In both situations drivers feel they have the ability to drive while fetching these actions even though they are wrong and a danger to all other drivers.Regardless of these situations a responsible driver should never drive impaired in any way. Texting while driving and drinking while driving both have their down falls. And no responsible driver should ever take part in either action. Drivers think they can get away with a quick text or a little alcohol while driving because it may have not affected them in the past. They arent aware of the true danger and consequences of these actions when things go horribly wrong. In my essay I hit three main points what it means to do these things, followed by the reasons people do it, and also the consequences of doing it. In the end the roads are only as safe as we make them.WORK CITED pagehttp//www.caranddriver.com/features/texting-while-driving-how-dangerous-is-it-the-results-page-2

IT Strategy and Network Design Proposal Essay

The GFK School of Motoring was naturalised in 1960. Since then, the school has grown steadily and now has a several offices in the London argona. However, the agreement of rules is expanding and a new branch is to be built that will link with the alert network and in like manner utilise the la raise technologies such as simulators, the internet and the World Wide Web.Furthermore, improvement is needed in the communications and sharing of information between offices spread around the London.The managing director wants to replete advantage of the lucre to change the way the comp any(prenominal) operates. The new branch will allow prospective guests to browse the clearsite and moderate an initial registration. Interview and the checking of documents green goddess then be arranged on-line. Once a knob has been registered any payments due can also be made on-line via any of the various credit and account cards.Flexibility in the provision of services to guests also requires t hat once registered, a knob can take a driving lesson at any of the centres. Hence an integrated and up-to-date selective informationbase system is to be implemented.The Director of the scheme feels that too many mistakes are being made with the current system and that the success of the presidency will be short-lived if he does not do nearlything to overcome the situation.He knows that a cheeseparing IT strategy and network design could aid in part to solve the problem and has approached our team to help create a new branch and implement an efficient and reliable information system to contri plainlye the running of the organization as a whole.1.3 DESCRIPTION OF GFK OPERATIONS.Each office has a manager (who tends to be a senior teacher),Several senior instructors, instructors and administrate staffs.The staff hierarchy is as follows Manager higher-ranking instructors Instructors Office personnel.The manager is trusty for the day-to-day running of the office.Clients must fir st register on-line or at an office and this requires that they complete an lotion form, which records their personal details.Before the first lesson, a client is put across to attend an interview with an instructor to assess the needs of the client and to ensure that the client holds a reasoned provisional driving license.A client is free to ask for a particular instructor or to request that an instructor be changed at any stage throughout the process of learning to drive. afterwards a successful interview, the first lesson is rule booked.A client may request individual lessons or book a block of lessons for reduced fee.An individual lesson is for one or two hours which begins and ends either at the clients home or at the office.A lesson is with a particular instructor in a particular car at a given time.Lessons can start as early as 6a.m. and as late as 8p.m.After each lesson, the instructor records the progress made by the client and notes the mileage used during the lesson.T he Organization has a pool of cars, which are adopted for the purpose of teaching.Each instructor is allocated to a particular car.As well as teaching, the instructors are free to use the cars for personaluse.The cars are inspected at regular intervals for faults.Once ready, a client will be given a attempt date by the instructor.It is the responsibility of the instructor to ensure that the client is best prepared for all part of the test.The instructor is not the responsible for testing the client and is not in the car during the test but should be available to drop off and pick up the client before and after the test at the testing centre.If a client fails to pass, the instructor must record the reasons for the failure.1.4. AIMS OF THE PROJECT.1. To design and implement a network solution for the new Barking branch .2. To redesign or upgrade the companys existing network system.3. To connect GFK to the Internet and house full internet service.4. To design a desktop and its sal es talk to all GFKs client computers.5. To address security and back-up issues.6. To design a network monitoring constitution to master(prenominal)tain and/or improve performance in the future. This particular aspect of the group work is investigated in detail by Student number 0212251 in Part B.1.5 BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROPOSED NETWORK SYSTEM.The design of the local anesthetic Area Network for the new branch and its communicationwith the rest of the GFK network will be approached in view of satisfying two fundamental business functions Information sharing refers to having users access the same data files, exchange information via email, or use the internet. Resource sharing refers to one computer sharing a hardware device (e.g., printer) or software package with other computers on the network to save costs.The main benefit of information sharing is improved decision making, which is one of the goals of the GFK School of Motoring.Any application, e.g. a web browser, on t he GFK LAN will have the following functions1. data storage2. data access logic3. application or business logic4. presentation logicBased on these functions we will be implementing client/server network architecture at the new branch. We will be using 3-tier client/server architecture to spread the commit between the clients (microcomputers) and the servers (more powerful microcomputers).This is illustrated in the diagram below(FitzGerald & Dennis, pageboy 46, top).In this case, the software on the client computer is responsible for presentation logic, an application server is responsible for the applicationlogic and a separate database server is responsible for the data access logic and data storage 1, page 45.Since the main advantage of a client/server architecture is also its wanton point i.e. enabling software and hardware from different vendors to be used together, we will recommend a middleware software such as CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture). It will per form two full of life functions1. It enables a standard way of communication by translating between software from different vendors2. It manages the message enthral from clients to servers (and vice versa) so that clients need not know the specific server that contains the applications data. The application software on the client sends all messages to the middleware, which forwards them to the correct server. The application software on the client is therefore protected from any changes in the physical network. If the network layout changes (e.g., a new server is added), tho the middleware must be updated 1, page 44.By choosing this architecture for the new branch, we have achieved two things1. Better load balancing between the servers on the network2. Scalability. In the future, if due to business demands the system needs to be extended, this can be easily do by adding one or more servers.1.6 REQUIREMENTS ACQUISITION.In coordinate to obtain valuable information almost the GFK School of Motoring, the group decided to send out questionnaires to members of the organization who uses the old system regularly and have a good knowledge of it. We decided on questionnaires because we gestate that the users, being under no pressure as they answer questions about the existing system, will provide a reliable feedback.1.6.1 QUESTIONNAIRE 1.User Mr A. Patel.Position Instructor.Time at Company 3 years.Branch Stratford Branch.1. hesitancy How often do you use the system? practise Daily. As many as 20 times a day, when at work.2. Question Are you comfortable using the company network?Answer material body of.3. Question What do you normally use the system for?Answer Browsing the internet, enquiring about client information, submission client details, sending and receiving emails etc.4. Question Which of these assigns do you found most daunting and why?Answer No doubt, it is obtaining information about clients. The process is very slow and frustrating especially dur ing peak hours. For some reasons the system is sluggish and it slows down the business.5. Question From question 4, do you sometimes have to abort the task?Answer No, because a client details got to be entered. Its frustrating, but you wait until its done before moving on. As a result we tend to record client details at the whenever the system tend to be responsive. This might be a couple of days later.6. Question Which of these tasks do you find easiest to do and why?Answer No doubt, surfing the internet, sending emails, registering clients on-line.7. Question Have you had experiences of viruses cause disruption on the system and how?Answer Certainly on many occasions. I can intend on one occasion a few of my clients and me couldnt use our computers because it was totally corrupted and my sectionalization had to be closed down while the techie people sorted it out. We woolly most of the files on our computers.8. Question From question 7, on how many occasions did this happen?A nswer Ive experienced it about 6 or 7 times.9. Question What advice were you given about using the systems in terms of avoiding virus infection?Answer The normal stuff. Dont open email you dont the source, log-off the system before you close for the day, etc. But despite taking these measures, we still have the problem.10. Question Do you normally back-up your files yourself and how often?Answer Yeah, files are supposed to be backed up on cd-roms at the end of every working day but not everybody does it.11. Question Do you case of lost customer files and how often?Answer Yeah, we do. I know a few of my mate who do. We just furnish to re-acquire it from the customer without the knowledge of management. Someone has been reprimanded for it in the past. Sometimes, its the fault of thesystem. As I said earlier, it can be frustratingly slow.12. Question If you can change the system, what will you change and why?Answer Definitely, it will be the enquiry procedure. Anything that makes the process faster will do.